Bank Failures During the Financial Crisis

Question: Discuss about the Bank Failures During the Financial Crisis. Answer: Introduction: The current study intends to study the global financial crisis through the lens of different concepts that include the market failures and the behavioral bias theory. The present study also aims to examine the impact of the market failures as well as the behavioral bias theory on the failures of the bank. In this case, a case of the Lehman Brothers is taken into consideration for analyzing the reasons behind the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. The present case also elucidates different the primary reasons that can lead to the worldwide financial crisis and the consequently the failure of the bank. The Lehman Brothers was regarded as the fourth largest investment firm in the world before it declared bankruptcy aftermath the global financial crisis (Ait-Sahalia et al. 2012). The company was a worldwide financial services organization that offered financial services, investment banking as well as investment management services worldwide. The company officially declared bankruptcy during the year 2008 owing to the huge exodus of a large chunk of clientele, severe losses of different stocks as well as devaluation of different assets rated by expert rating agencies (Cukierman 2013). Present Context under consideration sheds light on the reason behind the collapse of the Lehman brothers and analyses the impact of different concepts of market failure on the bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers. Lehman Brothers declared largest bankruptcy since the assets surpassed different bankrupt organizations that include the WorldCom as well as (Enron Gambacorta and Mistrulli 2014). The organization Lehman Brothers also became the highest victim of the financial crisis influenced by the US subprime mortgage that in turn affected the overall worldwide financial markets during the pear 2008.Again, the US housing boom is also regarded as a primary reason behind the demise of the Lehman Brothers. The Lehman Brothers acquired around five different mortgage lenders that includes the subprime lenders such as the BNC Mortgage along with Aurora loan Services (Gillespie and Hurley 2013). Again, the crisis of credit also surfaced during the year 2007 that in turn led to the failure of the hedge funds and consequently led to the fall in prices of the Lehman brothers. The paper also intends to study different regulatory as well as market failures that resulted in the worldwide financial crisis during the year 2008. An important market failure challenge was that the rating agencies were very much influenced by the securitizers in order to undervalue the risk of different mortgage pools. The causes behind the worldwide financial crisis were sub-prime lending as well as securitization. The government as well as the tax payers upholds the financial obligations of different firms and the firms need to be regulated for the purpose of assuming excessive risk and for which the taxpayers are essentially responsible (Goodhart 2014). The government also compelled the bank to assume different risky mortgages in order to increase the home ownership among households belonging to different classes. This also led to the housing bubble that led to the financial crisis and the collapse of the bank (Haas and Lelyveld 2014). Economic market failure theory refers to the important concepts of the market failure refer to different situations that lead to absence of government intervention, diverse inefficiencies that include the losses of wealth or else the Hicks-Kaldor inefficiencies (Han 2016). There are essentially six different types of the market failures that include Natural Monopoly, Public Goods, moral hazard, Asymmetric and transaction costs among many others (Harris 2013). Again, the imperfect competition also generates inefficiencies compared to the perfect competition and the dead weight loss due to the inefficiencies generally result from the higher prices that is set above the level of marginal cost. The imperfect competition in the market is primarily treated with different anti-trust rules and regulations. The regulations allow the implementation of government to prohibitions and permits punishment for cartelization as well as price setting (Jin et al. 2016). The regulations also help in dividing the monopolies. Again, the externality can also be considered as a cost or else an advantage for a particular party that is not openly related to a specific transaction. Again, the Coase Theorem also indicates the fact that the evaluation of the externality also fails to take into account the opportunity cost that is more than just an overt cost (Kapan and Minoiu 2015). The Coase Theorem also reflects the fact that the distribution of diverse legal right s can be considered to be irrelevant for efficiency and can be related to the appropriate distribution and allocation of the wealth. The public good can also be regarded as a very positive externality circumstances that is essentially characterized by positive externality circumstances (Kaufman 2014). Moral hazard essentially refers to a risk that occurs at the time when one individual assumes more risk owing to the fact that the individuals are essentially protected against different risky events. Regulation Theory refers to the markets has the capability to apportion different resources economically but that do not imply that it is done at all time and for all types of resources. The market also refers to a procedure of decentralized system of exchange of different commodities that can be regulated by the use of prices. The market failure that be represented by imperfect competition, imperfect information, externalities can lead to the failure of the bank (Lindquist et al. 2015). Again, the risky mortgage levels can lead to different consequences of the change in the regulation. Furthermore, the banks were also compelled by diverse regulations that cab offer risky mortgages to different undeserved regions (Lindquist et al. 2015) The behavioral biases include different aspects such as the cognitive as well as the emotional biases in the investment (Liu 2015). The investment biases can be categorized into cognitive as well as emotional factors. The cognitive biases can be considered as a rule of thumb that might be or might not be factual. The cognitive biases include the confirmation biases where the investors put more weight age to the viewpoints of other investors who share the same view (Liu and Ngo 2014). Again, gamblers fallacy can also be regarded as a cognitive bias that considers that the past events do not influence the future events. Here the investors predict that the Furthermore, the cognitive biases also refer to the status quo bias that refers to the habit of different creatures to resist the alterations in the investment portfolios by persistently trading with the same shares instead of studying other shares. Again, the negativity bias refers to the attitude that influences the potential investors in the market to rely comparatively more on the bad news than on the good news (Mishkin and White 2014). The cognitive bias also refers to the bandwagon effect that explains the fact that the investors like to inve st along with other people. The emotional bias refers to the attitude and outlook of the investors that include the loss aversion bias, overconfidence bias and endowment bias. The behavioral bias therefore can also be held responsible for the collapse of the Lehman Brothers where the share prices of the company fell drastically and reached a record low of $86.18 that resulted in a market capitalization value that was around $60 billion. Many experts are of the view that the shares of the Lehman fell by approximately 48% in anticipation of the fact that Lehman Brother will be the next organization to face the failure in the stock market. Therefore, it can be said that the behavioral bias also played a big role in the failure and bankruptcy of the organization. The bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers also reveals different factors that are associated to the systematic financial market failure for a particular player in diverse counterparty dealings that is repulsively exaggerated. Lehman Brothers can be considered as the third largest firm that made use of the different credit default swaps on different mortgage supported stock and the fifth largest user of different credit default swaps on different government backed stocks (Gillespie and Hurley 2013). The senior Supervisors Group examined the influence of different financial markets on the bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers along with the impact of the financial failures of the Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac as well as Lands banki Islands. Therefore, it became evident that the events of the credit were handled in a very orderly fashion that faced no operational disruptions or else the liquidity challenges. Again, there are private financial market institutional instruments that can ensure the even declaration of credit default swaps that actually happened in case of the Lehman Brothers. The above mentioned study hereby presents the different effects of the market failure and the behavioral bias theory on the bank failures during the financial crisis. The study elucidates in detail the background of the organization along with the context of the bank failure during the global financial crisis with special reference to the case of Lehman Brothers. Next, the above study explains in detail the concepts and theories associated to the economic market failure, regulation theory along with different aspects of the behavioral biases and the emotional biases. Different theories that can be associated to the failure of the banks are lucidly illustrated in the study in order to gain an understanding regarding the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. References Ait-Sahalia, Y., Andritzky, J., Jobst, A., Nowak, S. and Tamirisa, N., 2012. Market response to policy initiatives during the global financial crisis. Journal of International Economics, 87(1), pp.162-177. Cukierman, A., 2013. Monetary policy and institutions before, during, and after the global financial crisis. Journal of Financial Stability, 9(3), pp.373-384. Gambacorta, L. and Mistrulli, P.E., 2014. Bank heterogeneity and interest rate setting: what lessons have we learned since Lehman Brothers?. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 46(4), pp.753-778. Gillespie, N. and Hurley, R., 2013. 8. Trust and the global financial crisis. Handbook of advances in trust research, p.177. Goodhart, C.A.E., 2014. Central Bank evolution: Lessons learnt from the Sub-prime Crisis. In Unpublished article presented at Norges Banks conference Of the Uses of Central Banks: Lessons from history. Haas, R. and Lelyveld, I., 2014. Multinational banks and the global financial crisis: Weathering the perfect storm?. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 46(s1), pp.333-364. Han, M., 2016. The Global Financial Crisis: The Challenge for Central Banks. In Central Bank Regulation and the Financial Crisis (pp. 40-50). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Harris, R., 2013. Warning Signs Prior to the Financial Crisis of 2008: A Comparative Analysis. Journal of Management Engineering Integration, 6(1), p.88. Jin, J., Kanagaretnam, K. and Lobo, G.J., 2016. Discretion in bank loan loss allowance, risk taking and earnings management. Accounting Finance. Kapan, T. and Minoiu, C., 2015. Balance sheet strength and bank lending during the global financial crisis. Available at SSRN 2247185. Kaufman, G.G., 2014. Size, Risk, and Governance in European Banking. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(3), pp.861-862. Lindquist, E.A., de Vries, J. and Wanna, J., 2015. 1. Meeting the challenge of the global financial crisis in OECD nations: fiscal responses and future challenges. The Global Financial Crisis and its Budget Impacts in OECD Nations: Fiscal Responses and Future Challenges, p.1. Lindquist, E.A., de Vries, J. and Wanna, J., 2015. 1. Meeting the challenge of the global financial crisis in OECD nations: fiscal responses and future challenges. The Global Financial Crisis and its Budget Impacts in OECD Nations: Fiscal Responses and Future Challenges, p.1. Liu, H., 2015. Constructing the GFC: Australian banking leaders during the financial crisis. Leadership, p.1742715015584537. Liu, W.M. and Ngo, P.T., 2014. Elections, political competition and bank failure. Journal of Financial Economics, 112(2), pp.251-268. Mishkin, F.S. and White, E.N., 2014. Unprecedented actions: the Federal Reserves response to the global financial crisis in historical perspective (No. w20737). National Bureau of Economic Research.

Personal, Professional, and Ethical Belief System Essay Essay Example

Personal, Professional, and Ethical Belief System Essay Paper In the human services field. personal ethical belief systems combined with professional moralss work in partnership to steer human service professionals in unknoting ethical quandary. An increasing figure of professionals and clients seek out to specify the cardinal policies of the human services field. Humans develop an integrating of values. criterions. and beliefs from birth throughout life. The values. criterions. and beliefs developed through life aid in qualifying personal ethical belief systems. Our personal ethical belief system unites with our professional moralss to determine the ethical decision-making procedure. A codification of moralss is indispensable to organisations in the human services field. A codification of moralss identifies adequate behaviour. endorses high criterions of pattern. supplies a criterion to utilize for self appraisal. and establishes a construction for professional behaviours and duties. Human service professionals promote the unity and moralss of the profession. As a consequence. it is important for a human service professional to remain educated and knowing of the theoretical footing of their ethical belief system. other theoretical moralss. ethical and legal issues. and the ethical rules of their organisation. Every individual possesses a nucleus system of values. My personal ethical belief system is derived from my nucleus system of values. the people who helped determine those values. and the decision-making factors I use today to better them as necessary. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal, Professional, and Ethical Belief System Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personal, Professional, and Ethical Belief System Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personal, Professional, and Ethical Belief System Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer My parents. pedagogues. Sunday school teachers. sermonizers. decision makers. God. leaders. and many others in the community aid determine my values and supply the footing for my ethical belief system. I articulate values in my associations with other people when I am loyal. dependable. honest. generous. swearing. trustworthy. experience a sense of answerability for my household. friends. coworkers. community. state. and the organisation where I volunteer. My parents taught me to be a Christian individual and to make what is morally right in the eyes of God. I met troubled times throughout my life. but I believe because of my strong morally sound background I could take those experiences and learn from them. My parents remain astonishing function theoretical accounts in my life. I attend church and congratulations God every hebdomad as a reminder of why I keep my moral values and belief system close and beloved to me. I choose to go on my instruction on many facets in my life to help in regulating decision-making factors. As a proud citizen of America. I realize the disagreement associating to Torahs and moralss. A jurisprudence is a edict or authorities regulation prepared to penalize those whom disobey. Torahs are consistent. universal. published. accepted. and enforced. Ethical motives is a sense of what is right and incorrect morally. However. there is a difference between moralss and morality. Harmonizing to Anstead. S. M. ( 1999 ) . â€Å"Morality refers both to the criterions of behaviour by which persons are judged. and to the criterions of behaviour by which people in general are judged in their relationships with others. Ethical motives. on the other manus. encompasses the system of beliefs that supports a peculiar position of morality. † The jurisprudence frequently integrates ethical criterions to which society subscribes. Most ethical determinations come with extended punishments. legion options. varied consequences. unsure and personal effects. My belief system is derived from my assurance that there is more to reality than what we see. I have faith in a religious side of world beyond what we can see or see. The footing of my ethical belief system comes from my values and those whom attributed to those values including my life as a truster in God and as a Christian. My metaphysiological position of theism supports my positions of ethical tyranny. I found this quotation mark interesting and supportive of my ethical belief system. Harmonizing to Worldview Dictionary ( 2011 ) . â€Å"Ethical tyranny is the belief that right and incorrect are unchanging. non determined by the person or the civilization ; revealed by God through both general and specific disclosure. † Ethical tyranny follows one cosmopolitan moral criterion. God is infinite. everlasting. and never-changing. God set the Torahs of the land therefore I must stay by what is determined by God as right and incorrect. God has revealed this truth through his creative activity and disclosure. God is absolute. God created all people as peers. As a truster in God. I serve him through service to others and my community. I take on duties of assisting others in my community. volunteering. and donating goods. At all times I abide by these rules: worship merely God. regard people. be low. be honest. populate a moral life. be generous with clip. pattern my positions. make non knock. justice. or condemn. make non keep a score. and forgive others. I believe it is right to defy enticement while cognizing that evil lurks around. I believe one-day God will return and seek judgement for his people. To populate morally and ethically divine is obligatory to hold ageless life. As a individual and professional. I understand and acknowledge that non all human existences embrace the same positions as me and I respect the positions of others. In the human service profession. my personal ethical belief system helps steer the work I do as a voluntary at Wise Choices Pregnancy Resource Center ( WCPRC ) . At WCPRC the mission is to assist adult females do life confirming picks. The services offered are free gestation proving. free limited echogram. acceptance referrals. abortion instruction. abortion recovery plans. and earn while you learn plan for babe demands. I chose this organisation specifically because it supports my beliefs on pro-life. Pro-life supports my beliefs as a Christian. I advocate supplying adult females with instruction and options to abortion. Harmonizing to Wise Choices Pregnancy Resource Center ( 2012 ) . â€Å"Through the old ages. Wise Choices. has been able to supply assorted sorts of aid and â€Å"counseling† to the adult females of Wise County and the environing countries. We non merely assist the client. but household or friends of the client. in respects to the state of affairs the client is confronting. We believe we can do a difference in the lives of adult females. one at a clip! As a Christian adult female. I think that it is of import to assist clients who are abortion minded or abortion vulnerable see the chances they have to salvage the life they have created. As an advocator. I ask the client if she would wish the chance to hear the Gospel. If she accepts I can portion the love God has for his kids including the client and her unborn kid. I besides have the singular opportunity to inquire the client if she wants to accept Jesus as her Jesus from wickednesss. I explain to my clients willing to accept and hear the Gospel that they may inquire God to forgive them for their wickednesss. It is besides an juncture to speak to my clients about abstention until matrimony. Each of the values listed above ushers me to be an advocator for the unborn kid who is defenseless in his or her right to life. Often I am met with challenges. such as a adult female who is pregnant from colza or incest. It is frequently difficult to explicate to a adult female with traumatic experiences that it is still of import to give birth to their kid even in palliating fortunes. Some of the hardest instances come from a adult female who is abortion minded or vulnerable and has no involvement in hearing the Gospel. I go place and pray for the client. her household. and the unborn kid. As a member of the National Organization for Human Services ( NOHS ) . the Code of Ethics is an of import counsel tool in ethical quandary. The Code of Ethics is a fit criterion of behavior for human service professionals to see in the ethical decision-making procedure. Harmonizing to the National Organization for Human Services ( 2009 ) . â€Å"Human service professionals respect the unity and public assistance of the client at all times. Each client is treated with regard. credence and self-respect. Statement two is an ethical rule non hard to adhere. As a human service professional the unity and public assistance of the client is my responsibility to recommend. I make a committedness to my client when I become his or her advocator. and that committedness involves seeking the best result for the public assistance of my client. As a Christian I see wholly people as equal. and I treat others with regard and self- respect at all times. It is of import to retrieve that it could be me in the same state of affairs. The NOHS Code of Ethics lists ethical rules that will non be difficult to adhere. However. I found a 1 that might turn out to be somewhat hard. Harmonizing to the National Organization for Human Services ( 2009 ) . â€Å"Human service pedagogues uphold the rule of broad instruction and encompass the kernel of academic freedom. abstaining from bring downing their ain personal views/morals on pupils. and leting pupils the freedom to show their positions without punishment. animadversion or ridicule. and to prosecute in critical thought. † The part of this statement that might be hard adhering to is bring downing my ain personal values if I were a human service pedagogue. I know that I could forbear from bring downing my ain personal values. but I find it would be hard. As a Christian. I think it is of import to portion the Gospel and what it means to me. For illustration in an moralss category pupils reflect upon their ethical belief systems and where they originated from. I think if I were the pedagogue it would be difficult to forbear myself from talking my ain worldviews and ethical motives to other pupils. However. as a professional it is of import to follow the ethical criterions set for the organisation in which I am an employee. and the NOHS Code of Ethics. A Code of Ethics is steering rules that apply to different facets of life. Ethical criterions pertain excessively many of the undermentioned general subjects: the usage of psychological trials in the courtroom. the lie sensor. boundaries of competency. unity. sexual torment. human differences. and the legal definition of insanity. * The Use of Psychological Trials in the Courtroom- The usage of psychological trials in the courtroom to back up the testimony of experts scopes from applaudable to debatable. There is a necessity for a sensible pattern of revelation of psychological trial information during tests and courtroom processs. afterwards the stuff may be sealed. Psychological trials in the courtroom should adhere to ethical criterions by stating the truth and non stating truth deliberately inaccurate. In Statement 28 of the NOHS Code of Ethics. human service professional’s duty to the profession is to move with unity and honestness. My ethical belief system incorporates honesty and unity at all times. The Lie Detector – After researching ethical criterions of the prevarication sensor. I found a Code of Ethical motives from the American Polygraph Association. The ethical criterions stated included: rights of testees. criterions for rendering polygraph determinations. post-examination presentment consequences. limitations on rendering sentiments. limitations on scrutinies. fees. criterions of coverage. advertizements. release of nonrelevant information. limitations on scrutiny issues. and APA oversight authorization. Lie sensors set up the difference between a prevarication and the truth ; if a individual has nil to conceal a lie sensor should be no job. Lie sensor usage brought justness to households over the old ages. and continues to make so with regard to the rights of all individuals who take the prevarication sensor trial. As portion of my personal moralss it is indispensable in the justness system. In Statement 35 of the NOHS Code of Ethics. answerability is maintained by the human service professional. * Boundaries of Competence – Human service professionals are merely to carry on research. Teach. and supply services merely within their boundaries of competency. based on personal experience. instruction. supervised experience. and survey. Reasonable stairss should be taken to guarantee competency in countries emerging and preparation does non yet exist. My personal moralss system is of import to pattern my positions. This relates to boundaries of competency I would non pattern something I did non believe to be true. In Statement 40 of the NOHS Code of Ethics human service pedagogues demonstrate high criterions of scholarships and remain current with developments in human services. * Integrity – Accuracy. honestness. and truthfulness is a function all human service professionals abide by. Integrity is something I incorporate in my personal ethical beliefs and value system. Ethically it is incorrect to steal. darnel. prevarication. fraud. or belie a client or a friend. Harmonizing to American Psychological Association ( 2012 ) . â€Å"In state of affairss in which misrepresentation may be ethically justifiable to maximise benefits and minimise injury. psychologists have a serious duty to see the demand for. the possible effects of. and their duty to rectify any resulting misgiving or other harmful effects that arise from the usage of such techniques. My belief in God’s written words of the Bible helps determine my ethical position on unity. Statement five of NOHS Code of Ethics protects the unity of client records. * Sexual Harassment – Sexual torment is solicitation. verbal or gestural sexual behaviour. and sexual progresss. All people have a right to gain a life free from relentless and permeant Acts of the Apostless of sexual torment. It is non right to endanger an employee’s dignity. regard. and possible promotion in the workplace. As a professional. behavior should compare to higher criterions of unity and safety in the workplace. Statement 24 of NOHS Code of Ethics provinces that human service professionals should describe unethical behaviour of co-workers. My personal ethical beliefs in this state of affairs associate back to my Christianity and the Torahs of the land that an act of sexual torment is non moving suitably in the eyes of God. * Human Differences – Human service professionals create public trust through ethical and moral Acts of the Apostless. Human diverseness is one of those Acts of the Apostless. It is imperative to be culturally sensitive to all persons at all times. I promise to function all people with the purpose to protect their public assistance without judgement of any sort. In my ethical beliefs God is the justice. and he will return to make that one twenty-four hours. Statement two of the Code of Ethics for NOHS says human service professionals treat clients with regard and esteem their public assistance. and Statement 20 refers to diverse backgrounds. * The Legal Definition of Insanity – In my ethical belief system a individual who commits an act out of insanity is still responsible for what he or she has done. It is one’s responsibility to make what is morally right. Questions of right and incorrect are overriding. and hence as I believe absolute. Statement 37 of the NOHS Code of Ethics addresses the demand for womb-to-tomb acquisition. and I relate that to this instance as a duty the human service professional has to its client. as the individual who commits a offense out of insanity has a duty to pay the effects. As a member of Team C throughout this class associating to moralss and jurisprudence in the human services profession we did a squad presentation on deontology theory. as presented earlier in the paper. Harmonizing to Alexander and Moore ( 2008 ) . â€Å"The word deontology derives from the Grecian words for responsibility ( deon ) and scientific discipline ( or survey ) of ( Son ) . This normative theory dressed ores on what she should make from a moral point of view. Deontology is a theory that helps to steer and entree our picks in what we ought to make. † Deontology theory assumes at least three of import characteristics. The first characteristic concludes that responsibility should be done for duty’s interest. An illustration. Acts of the Apostless of promise breakage. lying. or slaying are incorrect per se. and it is the responsibility of worlds non to make these things. Second. worlds ought to be treated as topics of intrinsic moral value ; intending an terminals in themselves and neer as a mere means to another terminal. The 3rd characteristic is a moral rule is a definite indispensable that is universalizable ; intending it must be applicable for everyone whom is in the same moral state of affairs. The theoretical footing of my personal ethical belief system falls under the deontology theory. Deontological theory claims the moral rightness or inappropriateness of an action does non depend upon the nature of its effects. but on its intrinsic qualities. Deontology theory was founded by Immanuel Kant. Kant was motivated by the deficiency of a function for responsibility in Utilitarianism. something he believed to be the foundation of all morality. Deontology supports moral tyranny. Actions are either moral or immoral regardless of the beliefs of an person. society. or civilization. Ethical motives of the existence are intrinsic in the Torahs of the existence and the nature of humanity. Therefore. the theoretical footing of my personal belief system as a Christian is supported by deontology theory. My belief in God supports ethical tyranny. deontology. and my personal ethical belief system.

Contact Zone essays

Contact Zone essays I have been at FAU for three months. I have made many friends, and my life did an enormous change. I could not have imagined a better result after my first year away from home, in a new culture. Now, I not only have my friends from my country, but also our friends from all over. I thought that my classmates would not really talk to me, or not try and hang out with me on the weekends. I thought that from their point of view I was just a little freshman. This however, was not the case. I have lots of friends here at FAU. I know that I am where I want to be for the next four years. If I had the chance to go back, I would not change anything. My transition into FAU has happen sooner then I expected, and made me worry less about the culture I left behind at home. Overall, my transition from small town life in Cali, Colombia to life at Florida Atlantic University is over. Transculturation has allowed me to fit in, and make friends in my new environment. Although there still is a culture clash between my home and FAU, I have created a life, and am accepted into both cultures. The contact zone between Cali and FAU will never go away, but I am now comfortably a part of both cultures. The contact zone exists, but it doesn't for me. Much like Guaman Poma, I learned the ways at FAU, and now am part of the life here. I had to overcome a culture clash through transculuration, and create a new lifestyle for myself. I still enjoy going home to see my friends and family, but I enjoy staying at FAU too. I am glad I choose to attend FAU, and I am looking forward to the next four years here. ...

Strategic Alignment Model Written Analysis Research Paper

Strategic Alignment Model Written Analysis - Research Paper Example a result of an investigation process consisting of research and validation of information gathered from various sources, including interviewing with key stakeholders, reviews of Ellucian’s web site, and subsequent analysis utilizing all appropriate Ellucian personnel. The overall outcome of this report is to identify gaps in the five key areas with respect to the strategic alignment model of Ellucian, identify areas for improving Information Technology value, aligning with business drivers, objectives and the Ellucian vision. Lastly, provide recommendations to close the gaps and improve the value of Information Technology resources. Ellucian is a product of combination between Hellen & Freidman and SunGard Higher Education (SGHE). This happened in the year 2012. Formerly, the two were existing as distinct entities: Datatel and SunGard Higher Education. Success of Ellucian is traced back when it was started in 1968. Since then Ellucian has developed to be a global leader when it comes to servicing the education sector (Bentley, 2003). The Ellucian provides service in the education sector. These services are provision of expertise in the education sector; developing technologies to serve the education sector and providing other services that are related to education. The company develops software that helps in the integration of computing system (academic) in the administrative level. This software serves approximately two thousand four hundred high education institutions. Ellucian has over thirty one distinct products. The role of these products in general is to manage information in relation to students, grades, financial aid, overall finance and advancement. These products help in the streamlining of processes such as enterprise resource planning, electronic recruitment, information technology and communication among the alumni. From this one can tell that Ellucian has a strong and broad product line that is getting stronger. Services offered by Ellucian

Land law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 11

Land law - Essay Example Further, under section 59(1) of the Matrimonial Homes (Family Protection) (Scotland) Act (1981)2, a non-entitled spouse who is legally married to the entitled-spouse has two rights as related to the property of the entitled spouse, namely (a) the right to continue to occupy the matrimonial home and (b), the right to enter and occupy the matrimonial home, if not in occupation. In this case, Marryam is not in occupation of the home, since she has been out of the home in a rehabilitation clinic recovering from depression. Therefore, Marryam can only have an enforceable right as provided in the Matrimonial Homes (Family Protection) Act (1981), if she is legally married to David. This is because, despite the fact that the two spouses contributed to the purchase of the Smithy House property, Marryam was not registered in the title deed as one of the owners, owing to the fact that she was handling the issue of divorce with her previous husband, and thus did not want to complicate the issue. Therefore, the fact that Marryam is not registered in the property title deed as one of the owners of the property means that she can gain a better and enforceable title to claim the property, if she is a legally married spouse to David3. The principle of property ownership is well provided for under section 52(1) Law of Property Act (1925)4, which provided that a conveyance into a better title for all claimants to a property will result from the registration of joint names in the property deed. Thus, according to the provisions of this law, for as long as the property title does not bear the joint names of the property owners, then the property owner whose name solely appears in the property deed has the right to (i) force the other party to live the property without a court order, (ii) rent out or sell the property without getting the consent of the other party and (iii) take out a loan against the property without consulting or seeking the consent of the other party5.

Varieties Of English Accents Tyneside English English Language Essay

Varieties Of English Accents Tyneside English English Language Essay Tyneside English, otherwise known as Geordie, is one of the most distinctive and unique accents of the United Kingdom. This essay focuses on the phonology, lexis and grammar of this particular dialect, and the historical, social and geographical factors which have influenced its distinctive features. Phonologically, the features analysed are TH-fronting, glottalisation and centring diphthongs, grammatically I have looked at second person pronouns and double modals and the final feature I have analysed is a lexical feature, the term netty. Several academic sources have been used in this essay and thus a brief evaluation of the reliability of them have been discussed. Firstly, looking at the phonology of Tyneside English, a striking feature is TH-fronting, which historically, is a merger that occurs in several dialects, including Cockney and Liberian English. The labiodental fricatives /f/ and /v/ are merged with the Early Modern English dental fricatives /ÃŽÂ ¸/ and /ÃÆ' °/, for instance the adjective three is pronounced as the adjective free. A geographical factor which may have influenced TH-fronting in Newcastle is a pattern of wave or contagion diffusion (Beal 2010:81). TH-fronting is an established feature of London speech and the feature is spreading westwards and northwards from London and thus is only just beginning to be adopted in Newcastle. As Kerswill claims, TH-fronting is adopted later the further North you go (Beal 2010:81). A social factor which may have influenced the spread of TH-fronting to areas like Newcastle from London is the popularity of the media, which have made people less oblivious than previous generations of a large range of accent features. Current evidence suggests individuals and communities imitate people when they meet them and thus adopt new forms of pronunciation, which appear to be extremely stigmatised features (BBC Voices). In addition, prejudice and stereotyping may be another social factor, as labiodental variants have traditionally been socially stigmatised and therefore tend to be avoided by middle-class speakers (Schneider 2004:192). Another phonological feature of Tyneside English is that of glottalisation, for instance the voiced alveolar plosive /p/ is accompanied by a glottal stop /ʆ/ in between vowels. An example of this is /hà ¦ÃƒÅ Ã¢â‚¬ pi:/, as opposed to the Standard English /hà ¦pi/. Beal (2010) states a geographical factor which may have influenced this: the diffusion of Estuary English from London to urban areas much further North, such as Newcastle. However, an alternative view concerning the origin of glottalisation is that it was first observed in the west of Scotland as early as 1860 and didnt occur in London until the beginning of the twentieth century (Pà ©rez-Guerra 2007:39). A social factor which may have influenced the distribution of glottalisation is the fact that Estuary English has been described as an accent of prestige (Anonymous 2006:2) as it is associated with Standard English. The imposed norm hypothesis states the standard variety has come to be regarded as superior due to social pressures (Long 2002:14), therefore arguably Estuary English has spread because it is perceived as desirable. Historically, the feature seems to have diffused to urban centres outside the south-east within the last 30-40 years (Kerswill 2003:11). In addition, Beal suggests another geographical factor which may have affected the distribution of glottalisation: diffusion of the urban hierarchal type whereby the variant starts in larger cities and then spreads out into the smaller towns (Beal 2010:80). In terms such as gate, which is categorised as a face vowel in John Wells Lexical Sets (1982), speakers of the Geordie accent use the centring diphthongs /IÉâ„ ¢/ or /eÉâ„ ¢/, rather than the Standard English /eI/. Watt and Milroy (1999) discovered only older, working class males used the diphthong /IÉâ„ ¢/, whereas younger Tynesiders used the monophthong /e:/ (Watson 2006:56). Watt and Milroy suggest a social factor which may have influenced this: younger Tynesiders are signalling that they dont wish to identify with their old-fashioned fathers, but still wish to be identified as Northerners (Beal 2010:19). A historical factor which may have affected this is the influence of Middle English. The diphthongs [ɆºÃƒâ€°Ã‚ ª] and [É ªÃƒâ€°Ã¢â€ž ¢] were a result of syllable lengthening, as the monophthong /i:/, derived from the Middle English /Ɇº/, was lengthened. A morphosyntactic feature of Tyneside English is the distinction between the singular and plural second person pronouns. In Standard English, no distinction is made, as you can refer to one person or a group of people. On the contrary, speakers of Tyneside English use you in the singular tense and youse in the plural tense. This is often perceived as bad grammar by speakers of Standard English. However Katie Wales (2006), suggests a social factor which influences the distinction is many dialect speakers have felt the loss of a singular-plural distinction in Standard English to be a disadvantage and so have initiated more plurals (Wales 1996:19). This is a valid argument, as the loss of the distinction does appear to be more problematic (Beal 2010:40), as no distinction can sometimes be troublesome, as it is not always clear to whom one is referring to. A historical factor which influenced the distinction is possibly the influence from the large influx of Irish people to Tyneside betw een 1850-1900. Geographically, Kortmann (2008) describes the term youse as Northern (Beal 2010:40). According to Standard English, only one modal verb can appear in each verb phrase as they lack an infinitive and therefore the phrase he might could do it is ungrammatical. However, in Tyneside English, this does not apply, as long as the second modal verb is can or could and thus the previous construction is perfectly acceptable. Forms such as he might could do it are not only quite common, but also serve specific pragmatic purposes (Fisiak 1997:1514). Montgomery and Nagle (1993) suggest a historical factor which may have influenced double modals could be the American and British varieties developing in tandem from some incipient grammatical structure in seventeenth century Scots, as the earliest recorded instances of todays double modals are in Scotland and Southern American English. (Fisiak 1997:1514). Sometimes, the meaning of double modals is different in Tyneside English than in Standard English. For example, the Standard English phrase The lift cant be working can also mean Th e lift mustnt be working in Tyneside English, meaning misunderstandings are almost guaranteed (Keuchler 2007:19). Moving on to lexical features, a common term used in Tyneside lexis is netty, meaning an outside toilet (British Library). A historical factor which may have influenced this is the influence of loanwords, although this is uncertain. It is highly probable that the term comes from a Modern Romanic Italian form of the word gabinetti, meaning toilet. However, John Trotter Brockett (1829), connects the Geordie word netty to the Modern English adjective needy. On the BBC Voices website, Yaron Matras points out that many local dialects in Northumbria have incorporated words of Romani origin into the local slang. Similarly, the British Library website suggests a geographical factor which influences the distribution of the term, claiming There has been a Roma presence for centuries in the Borders area and so it is not surprising this has influenced speech in the North East. Whilst producing this essay, the most helpful and reliable source available was the British Library Sounds Familiar? website. With several audio clips provided to investigate the Geordie Dialect and a case-study specifically on Geordie, the website gives an in-depth study on Tyneside English. Not only does the website allow the user to listen to voice recordings, it also gives the Standard English equivalent and a detailed explanation of the feature. On the contrary, a website which was less useful, was the BBC Voices website. Although the author of the website is the BBC which is an academic institution, the website used anecdotal evidence to support its claims. Furthermore, the information on the Geordie accent was limited and specialist terminology isnt used. Another website looked at was the Sounds Comparisons website. On one hand, this was a reliable source, as it had a whole section dedicated to Tyneside English and allows the user to listen to every vowel and consonant in the Geordie dialect. In contrast, there was no linguistic explanation to compliment the sound recordings, which meant it wasnt helpful when analysing the historical, geographical and social aspects of the variables. Finally, another source included in my research was the British Library Archival Sound Recordings website, which was the least reliable of the four. Despite the fact it allows the user to listen to local people speaking the Geordie dialect, the only explanation given is the topic of conversation, rather than a linguistic analysis. Overall, with the exception of the British Library Sounds Familiar? website, academic books were more informative and reliable, in particular Joan Beals An Introduction to Regional Englishes (2010). In conclusion, the Geordie accent has been described as a proud badge of cultural identity, as invasions of the North-East meant Newcastle was linguistically isolated from other developments in Northumbria. Moreover, the River Tweed is a significant Northern barrier against the influence of the Scots, meaning Newcastle has resisted centralising tendencies (British Library Sounds Familiar?) of Edinburgh. Tyneside English appears to have resisted dialect levelling which leads to a loss of distinctiveness in dialects (Beal 2010:2) as there are significant differences (British Library Sounds Familiar?) between Geordie and other local dialects such as Pitmatic.

My Summer Vacation :: Summer Vacation Essays

One of my favorite family traditions is summer vacation. Every summer without fail we go on vacation. For the past ten years we have been going to Disney World with our family friends the Battaglia's, so it has turned into a tradition up until last summer when we broke our florida adventure to go to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We have been going on vacation with the Battaglia's for so long for a very good reason. It is because everyone gets along. My mom, Mr. Battaglia and Mrs. Battaglia are very good friends. Ronnie Battaglia, who is 19, is my best friend and we get along great. My sister Katie, 16, and Beth Battaglia, 18, also get along very well. This works out great because we are all old enough to go out and do our own thing without getting the parents too much involved. Since most of the fun things to do are located right near the hotels we stay at we rarely need to ask them for a ride anywhere, so everyone gets there way and it turns into a great vacation for all of us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We have been going to Disney World together for as long as I can remember. We know the place inside and out. Where all the best rides are, which park is the best, it even got so bad that we knew what time the lines for each ride was shortest. Disney World always comes out with some kind of new ride or show each year so that is what mostly kept us continuing to come back year after year. On day though while we were planning our next trip we decided it was time for a change of pace.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We thought that Myrtle Beach, South Carolina would be a nice place to visit. My mom had already ventured down there with a friend and new that everyone would enjoy it. So we went down there last summer and it was a big transition for all of us. it was more of an adult vacation which was good because we were getting a little too old for Disney World.